PHYSICOCHEMICAL JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL THERMAL ACTIVATION AND DISPERSITY PARAMETERS OF KARA-KECHE CLAY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ACTIVE MINERAL ADDITIVE

Makhavat Dzhusupova; Taalaibek Bolotov; Islan Omurbekov; Meiram Kozhakhmet; Dinara Sarsembayeva

doi:10.62980/2076-0655-2026-346-358

VAK Russia 2.1.5 UDC 666.952 CSCSTI 67.09 Russian Classification of Professions by Education 08.06.01 Russian Library and Bibliographic Classification 383 Russian Trade and Bibliographic Classification 546 UDC 666.7-121

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PHYSICOCHEMICAL JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL THERMAL ACTIVATION AND DISPERSITY PARAMETERS OF KARA-KECHE CLAY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ACTIVE MINERAL ADDITIVE

Published in Technique and technology of silicates · Pages 346–358 · Rubric: MAIN RUBRIC

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62980/2076-0655-2026-346-358 · EDN: PQSIVS

Received: 21.02.2026 Accepted: 23.03.2026 Published: 28.10.2026 Language of publication: RUS

Authors

Makhavat Dzhusupova

ORCID Scopus

Taalaibek Bolotov

Islan Omurbekov

ORCID Scopus ResearcherID Scholar

Meiram Kozhakhmet

et al.

Dinara Sarsembayeva

Makhavat Dzhusupova

Academic degree: candidate of technical sciences ; candidate of technical sciences

Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov Associate Professor · Kyrgyzstan · Bishkek

ORCID Scopus

Taalaibek Bolotov

Academic degree: candidate of technical sciences

Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov Associate Professor · Kyrgyzstan · Bishkek

Islan Omurbekov

Academic degree: candidate of technical sciences

Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov Associate Professor · Kyrgyzstan · Bishkek

ORCID Scopus ResearcherID Scholar

Meiram Kozhakhmet

Gumilyov Eurasian National University Astana senior lecturer · Kazakhstan · Astana

Dinara Sarsembayeva

Academic degree: doctor of architecture

Gumilyov Eurasian National University Senior Lecturer · Kazakhstan · Astana

ABSTRACT

Introduction. One of the key areas for improving the environmental efficiency of cement materials is the reduction of the clinker component. Therefore, reducing the clinker fraction is regarded as one of the key approaches to improving the environmental efficiency of cement-based materials. Among such materials, kaolinite-containing and polymineral clays are of particular interest because firing causes dehydroxylation of clay minerals, breakdown of the original ordered structure, and formation of a reactive amorphous aluminosilicate phase. Another important parameter is the degree of dispersity after heat treatment. Fine grinding changes the specific surface area and accessibility of reactive sites. For this reason, selecting the optimal thermal activation and dispersity parameters should be treated as an independent scientific task that precedes evaluation of the additive in cement systems. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to provide a physicochemical justification of the optimal thermal activation and dispersity parameters of Kara-Keche clay for producing an active mineral additive. Materials and Methods. The object of the study was kaolinite-containing clay from the Kara-Keche de-posit (Kyrgyz Republic). The chemical composition, phase assemblage, and microstructural features of both raw and calcined samples were characterized using WDXRF, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. This study investigates the phase transformations and microstructural evolution of Kara-Keche clay during thermal activation followed by fine grinding in order to determine the optimal processing parameters for producing an active mineral additive. The studied clay was identified as a kaolinite-illite-quartz type material. Heat treatment at 700 °C led to a more reactive state due to the dehydroxylation of kaolinite and an increase in the amorphous aluminosilicate fraction. The most favorable ratio of amorphous to crystalline phases was achieved after 2 min of grinding, corresponding to a specific surface area of 900-1200 m2/kg. Extending the grinding time to 3 min reduced the specific surface area to 700-850 m²/kg and was accompanied by partial recrystallization and a 1.5-2-fold increase in mullite content, result-ing in lower reactivity of the thermally activated clay. Conclusions. The results of the conducted studies indicate the possibility and potential of using clay from the Kara-Keche deposit as a raw material base for the production of active mineral additives. The results can be applied to the development of technologies for producing active mineral additives from locally available clay raw materials.

KEYWORDS

thermal activation of clay, Kara-Keche clay, active mineral additive, phase transformations, amorphization, dispersity, X-ray diffraction analysis, microstructure.

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GOST

Dzhusupova M. A., Bolotov T. T., Omurbekov I. K., Kozhakhmet M. S., Sarsembayeva D. E. PHYSICOCHEMICAL JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL THERMAL ACTIVATION AND DISPERSITY PARAMETERS OF KARA-KECHE CLAY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ACTIVE MINERAL ADDITIVE // Technique and technology of silicates. 2026. pp. 346-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62980/2076-0655-2026-346-358. EDN: PQSIVS. (Date of access 05.11.2026).

MLA

Makhavat Dzhusupova, Bolotov T. T., Omurbekov I. K., Kozhakhmet M. S., Sarsembayeva D. E.. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL THERMAL ACTIVATION AND DISPERSITY PARAMETERS OF KARA-KECHE CLAY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ACTIVE MINERAL ADDITIVE." Technique and technology of silicates (2026): 346-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62980/2076-0655-2026-346-358. EDN: PQSIVS.

APA

Dzhusupova M. A., Bolotov T. T., Omurbekov I. K., Kozhakhmet M. S., Sarsembayeva D. E. (2026). PHYSICOCHEMICAL JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL THERMAL ACTIVATION AND DISPERSITY PARAMETERS OF KARA-KECHE CLAY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ACTIVE MINERAL ADDITIVE. Technique and technology of silicates, 346-358. https://doi.org/10.62980/2076-0655-2026-346-358 EDN: PQSIVS.

Chicago

Makhavat Dzhusupova, Bolotov T. T., Omurbekov I. K., Kozhakhmet M. S., Sarsembayeva D. E.. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL THERMAL ACTIVATION AND DISPERSITY PARAMETERS OF KARA-KECHE CLAY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ACTIVE MINERAL ADDITIVE." Technique and technology of silicates, no. (2026): 346-358. https://doi.org/10.62980/2076-0655-2026-346-358. EDN: PQSIVS.

WIKI

{{cite journal | author = Dzhusupova M. A., Bolotov T. T., Omurbekov I. K., Kozhakhmet M. S., Sarsembayeva D. E. | title = PHYSICOCHEMICAL JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL THERMAL ACTIVATION AND DISPERSITY PARAMETERS OF KARA-KECHE CLAY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ACTIVE MINERAL ADDITIVE | journal = Technique and technology of silicates | year = 2026 | pages = 346-358 | doi = 10.62980/2076-0655-2026-346-358 }} EDN: PQSIVS

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PHYSICOCHEMICAL JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL THERMAL ACTIVATION AND DISPERSITY PARAMETERS OF KARA-KECHE CLAY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ACTIVE MINERAL ADDITIVE

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