Technique and technology of silicates Technique and technology of silicates Техника и технология силикатов 2076-0655 124545 10.62980/2076-0655-2026-140-153 hmktov ОСНОВНАЯ РУБРИКА MAIN RUBRIC ОСНОВНАЯ РУБРИКА CORROSION-RESISTANT CONCRETE FOR UNDERWATER ZONE OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES КОРРОЗИОННОСТОЙКИЙ БЕТОН ДЛЯ ПОДВОДНОЙ ЗОНЫ ГИДРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7214-9919 Альваш Фарах Алаа Абдуламир Alwash Farah Alaa Abdulameer alwashfarah@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7807-688X Иноземцев Александр Сергеевич Inozemtcev Aleksandr Sergeevich InozemcevAS@mgsu.ru

доктор технических наук;

doctor of technical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-8524 Булгаков Борис Игоревич Bulgakov Boris Igorevich BulgakovBI@mgsu.ru

кандидат технических наук;

candidate of technical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4576-3533 Ляпидевская Ольга Борисовна Lyapidevskaya Olga Borisovna olga.lyapidevskaya@inbox.ru

кандидат технических наук;

candidate of technical sciences;

 ФГБОУ ВО "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" Москва Россия National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Moscow Russian Federation ФГБОУ ВО "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" Москва Россия National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Moscow Russian Federation ФГБОУ ВО "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" Москва Россия National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Moscow Russian Federation ФГБОУ ВО "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" Москва Россия National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Moscow Russian Federation 29 04 2026 29 04 2026 33 2 140 153 22 03 2026 24 04 2026 https://tsilicates.ru/en/nauka/article/124545/view

Введение. Река Шатт-Аль-Араб имеет большое экономическое и социальное значение для Ирака. Ее гидрологическая обстановка определяется состоянием рек Тигра и Евфрата, в результате слияния которых образуется эта река, приливами в Персидском заливе, солеными грунтовыми водами и климатическими условиями. Рост солености воды из-за низкого уровня атмосферных осадков ухудшают ее качество и усиливает коррозионное воздействие на бетонные и железобетонные конструкции подводной зоны гидротехнических сооружений. В связи, с чем определена цель настоя-щей работы, которая заключается в получении коррозионностойкого тяжелого бетона на многокомпонентном вяжущем с использованием местного сырья Ирака. Задачами исследования являются поиск решений повышения долговечности бетонных конструкций, эксплуатируемых в среде с высокой агрессивностью. Материалы и методы. Для получения коррозионностойкого тяжелого бетона на многокомпонентном вяжущем использовались в основном местные для Ирака сырьевые материалы: портландцемент ЦЕМ I 52,5Н завода «Таслужа», высокоактивный метакаолин (МК), зола-унос Багдадского кирпичного завода «Аль-Нахраван» (ЗУ), зола, полученная сжиганием финиковых косточек (ЗФК), а также кварцевый песок (П) с модулем крупности Мк = 2,5, гранитный щебень (Щ) с максимальным размером зерен 20 мм, поликарбоксилатный суперпластификатор "MasterGlenium 115" и водоудерживающая добавка "MECELLOSE PMC 15 US". Стойкость к коррозии разработанных бетонов оценивали по снижению прочности на сжатие, на осевое растяжение и на растяжение при изгибе, а также на основании потерь массы бетонными образцами в результате их трехмесячной экспозиции в агрессивных средах. Результаты исследования. Установлено, что бетоны с частичной заменой портландцемента тонкодисперсными добавками в виде метакаолина и механоактивированных кислых золы-уноса и золы финиковых косточек, обладающими большой пуццоланической активностью из-за высокого содержания аморфного кремнезема, связывающего свободный гидроксид кальция в менее растворимые и химически активные низкоосновные гидросиликаты кальция, являющимися основными гидратными новообразованиями, повышающими прочность цементного камня бетона, превосходят тяжелый бетон на портландцементе по плотности, прочностным показателям, водонепроницаемости и коррозионной стойкости, в том числе и в жидкой среде, моделирующей состав придонного слоя воды в дельте реки Шатт-Аль-Араб в районе порта Басра Алфао на побережье Персидского залива на юге Ирака. При этом, лучшие результаты показал тяжелый бетон на четырехкомпонентном вяжущем оптимизированного состава. Выводы. Использование в составе многокомпонентного вяжущего метакаолина и механоактивированных кислых зол уплотняет структуру цементного камня разработанных бетонов и снижает содержание в нем свободного гидроксида кальция, что способствует повышению их физико-механических свойств и эксплуатационных показателей, в том числе стойкости к коррозии в различных агрессивных средах.

Introduction. The Shatt al-Arab River is of significant economic and social importance to Iraq. Its hydrological regime is determined by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, groundwater salinity, and climatic conditions. Increased water salinity due to low precipitation degrades water quality and increases the corrosive effects on concrete and reinforced concrete structures in the underwater areas of hydraulic structures. The objective of this study is to develop a corrosion-resistant, high-strength concrete based on a multi-component binder using locally sourced Iraqi raw materials. The objectives of the study include find-ing solutions to improve the durability of concrete structures operating in highly aggressive environments. Materials and Methods. For the production of corrosion-resistant heavy concrete with a multi-component binder, local Iraqi raw materials were mainly used: Portland cement CEM I 52.5N from the Tasluj plant, highly active metakaolin (MK), fly ash from the Baghdad Al-Nahrawan brick factory (FA), ash obtained from burning date kernels (DPA), as well as quartz sand (S) with a fineness modulus Mk = 2.5, crushed granite (CS) with a maximum grain size of 20 mm, polycarboxylate superplasticizer "MasterGleni-um 115" and water-retaining admixture "MECELLOSE PMC 15 US". The corrosion resistance of the de-veloped concrete mixtures was assessed based on the reduction in compressive strength, axial tensile strength and flexural strength, as well as the mass loss of concrete samples after three months of exposure to aggressive environments. Results. It was established that concretes with partial replacement of Portland cement in the binder composition by finely dispersed additives - such as metakaolin and mechanically activated acidic fly ash and date pit ash - possessing high pozzolanic activity due to their elevated content of amorphous silica, which binds free calcium hydroxide into less soluble and chemically stable low-base calcium hydrosilicates (the primary hydration products that enhance the strength of concrete), outperform conventional Portland cement-based heavy concrete in terms of density, strength characteristics, water impermeability, and cor-rosion resistance. This advantage holds true even in a liquid medium simulating the composition of the bot-tom water layer in the Shatt al-Arab delta near the Al-Faw port in Basra, on the Persian Gulf coast in southern Iraq. Notably, the heavy concrete based on an optimized four-component binder demonstrated the best performance. Conclusions. The incorporation of metakaolin and mechanically activated acidic ashes into the multi-component binder densifies the microstructure of the cement paste in the developed concretes and reduces the content of free calcium hydroxide. This contributes to the improvement of their physico-mechanical properties and service performance, including enhanced corrosion resistance across various aggressive environments.

 Коррозионностойкий тяжелый бетон гидротехнические сооружения многокомпонентное вяжущее метакаолин зола-уноса зола финиковых косточек плотность пористость прочность водонепроницаемость водопоглощение Corrosion-resistant heavy concrete hydraulic structures multi-component binder metakaolin fly ash date kernel ash density porosity strength water resistance water absorption Работа выполнена в НИУ МГСУ. Работа финансировалась Министерством науки и высшего образования РФ, Проект № FSWG-2026-0003 The work was carried out at NIU MSCU. Research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (RF), Project FSWG-2026-0003

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