Technique and technology of silicates Technique and technology of silicates Техника и технология силикатов 2076-0655 90151 10.62980/2076-0655-2024-247-261 ayfqsm ОСНОВНАЯ РУБРИКА MAIN RUBRIC ОСНОВНАЯ РУБРИКА PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF POLYMER WASTE AS CONCRETE AGGREGATES ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ОТХОДОВ ПОЛИМЕРОВ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ЗАПОЛНИТЕЛЕЙ БЕТОНА Баруздин Александр Андреевич Baruzdin Aleksandr Andreevich baruzdin98@bk.ru Закревская Любовь Владимировна Zakrevskaya Lyubov Vladimirovna lvzak@mail.ru 07 11 2024 07 11 2024 31 3 247 261 10 09 2024 25 09 2024 https://tsilicates.ru/en/nauka/article/90151/view

Приведены основные аспекты применения отходов полимеров в качестве заполнителей бетона. На основании анализа литературных источников установлено, что дробленые полимерные отходы, в том числе трудно утилизируемых сшитых полимеров можно использовать в качестве заполнителя для бетона, что может значительно снизить негативное влияние их на окружающую среду. Введение полимерного заполнителя снижает плотность и теплопроводность получаемого бетона, повышает его износостойкость, стойкость к эрозии и химическую стойкость, может несколько уменьшить усадку и образование микротрещин. В то же время, бетоны с полимерным заполнителем обладают пониженными механическими характеристиками по срав-нению с традиционными бетонами, что современные ученые связывают в большей степени с недостаточной адгезией полимер-ного заполнителя к цементной матрице, их упругой несовместимостью и ограниченной реакцией гидратации вблизи зерен поли-мерного заполнителя. Для повышения адгезии заполнителя к цементной матрице необходимо обеспечить неровную, шероховатую поверхность частиц полимера. Возможно нанесение на частицы заполнителя специальных составов, повышающих адгезионные свойства или введение полимерных добавок в цементную матрицу. Для обеспечения высоких механических характеристик бетонов с полимерными отходами предпочтительнее использовать отходы с наибольшим модулем упругости для уменьшения упругой несовместимости заполнителя и матрицы и обеспечения разгрузки растворной части. Бетоны с заполнителем из полимерных отходов могут найти применение в конструкциях полов, элементов мощения, фасадных элементов, стеновых блоков. Применение полимерных отходов также возможно в составе химически стойких бетонов.

The main aspects of the use of polymer waste as concrete aggregates are presented. Based on the analysis of literature sources, it was found that crushed polymer waste, including hard to recycle crosslinked polymers, can be used as an aggregate in concrete, which can significantly reduce their negative impact on the environment. The introduction of a polymer aggregate reduces the density and thermal conductivity of the concrete, increases its abrasion resistance, erosion resistance and chemical resistance, can slightly reduce shrinkage and the formation of microcracks. At the same time, concretes with polymer aggregate have reduced mechanical characteristics compared to traditional concretes, which modern scientists attribute to insufficient adhesion of the polymer aggregate to the cement matrix, their elastic incompatibility and limited hydration reaction near the grains of the polymer aggregate. To increase the adhesion of the aggregate to the cement ma-trix, it is necessary to provide an irregular, rough surface of the polymer particles. It is possible to apply special compositions to the aggre-gate particles that increase the adhesive properties or introduce polymer additives into the cement matrix. To ensure high mechanical characteristics of concretes with polymer waste, it is preferable to use waste with the highest modulus of elasticity to reduce the elastic incompatibility of the aggregate and the matrix and ensure unloading of the mortar part. Concretes with polymer waste aggregate can be used in the construction of floors, tile elements, facade elements, wall blocks. The use of polymer waste is also possible in the composition of chemically resistant concretes.

 Рециклинг полимерные отходы заполнитель бетон плотность характер разрушения пластичность химическая стойкость износостойкость адгезия модуль упругости Recycling polymer waste aggregate concrete density fracture pattern plasticity chemical resistance abrasion resistance adhesion modulus of elasticity Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания в сфере научной деятельности Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема FZUN-2024-0004, госзадание ВлГУ). Исследования проводи-лись с использованием оборудования межрегионального многопрофильного и междисциплинарного центра кол-лективного пользования перспективных и конкурентоспособных технологий по направлениям развития и при-менения в промышленности/машиностроении отечественных достижений в области нанотехнологий (соглашение №075-03-2024-112 от 17 января 2024 года). The research was carried out within the state assignment in the field of scientific activity of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme FZUN-2024-0004, state assignment of VlSU). The study was car-ried out using the equipment of the interregional multispecialty and interdisciplinary center for the collective usage of promising and competitive technologies in the areas of development and application in industry/mechanical engineering of domestic achievements in the field of nanotechnology (Agreement No. 075-03-2024-112 of January 17, 2024).

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