graduate student
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
student
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
employee
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
employee
Uzlovaya, Tula, Russian Federation
employee
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
UDC 691.175
Russian Library and Bibliographic Classification 303
Introduction. This article examines an organo-mineral thermal insulation composite based on a reactive mixture for the synthesis of rigid polyurethane foam, modified with a silicate component—sodium metasilicate pentahydrate (Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O) of two fractions (0.9–1.25 mm and 0.1–0.315 mm. The study investigates the effect of this additive on the formation of the composite’s pore structure by analyzing the processes of foaming and polymer formation (nucleation and growth of gas bubbles, their uniform distribution, and stabilization within the polymer matrix). Materials and methods. The following components were selected as raw materials for the studies: Isocyanate component (IC), isocyanate – a liquid, reactive oligomer containing NCO functional groups. Polyol component (PC). Silicate component (SC) – crystalline hydrate of sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3·5H2O)). The method for producing the organo-mineral thermal insulation composite consists of free foaming of the components of the reaction mixture. The ratio of components for all compositions of the reactive composition is constant and is IR:PC = 1.8:1. The silicate component was introduced into the composition in amounts of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90% relative to the content of the reactive composition for producing rigid polyurethane foam. Results. It was found that the silicate component accelerates foaming and polymerization processes, and varying its dispersion allows for the degree of influence on these processes to be controlled. This is due to changes in the spatial dispersion structure throughout the material volume and the surface area of contact between the silicate component and the reactive oligomer mixture phases. Modification with a finely dispersed fraction (0.1-0.315 mm) of the silicate component leads to an “explosive” nature of foaming, which, together with the acceleration of polymer formation processes, leads to a disrupted structure prone to shrinkage. At a loading of up to 90%, the average pore diameter decreases from 343 µm to 186 µm (a 46% reduction), and the cell walls become thinner, decreasing from 21.3 µm to 9.3 µm (an average reduction of 55%). Modification with the coarse fraction (0.9–1.25 mm) of the silicate component exerts a more balanced effect on the acceleration of foaming and polymer formation. Conclusions. The silicate component in the reactive mixture accelerates the processes of foaming and polymer formation, and its varying dispersion makes it possible to regulate the degree of influence on these processes by altering the spatial structure of dispersion throughout the material volume and the interfacial contact area between the silicate component and the reactive oligomer mixture.
silicate component, sodium metasilicate, crystalline hydrate, dispersion, pore structure, foaming, rigid polyurethane foam
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